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Plant and Agro-Biotech-Working Areas
Agriculture and
Plant biotechnology includes applying advance
technologies over biological agent of plant origin for human welfare
directly or indirectly.
Working Areas
Exploitation of
plants and its products through biotechnology is carried out through
following techniques:
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture:
Aseptic
cultivation of plant cells, tissues or organs outside the plant body.
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Micro-Propagation and Cloning-
Saving Endangered
Plants. Saving Plant, Time and Space.
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Secondary Metabolites Production- to be used as medicine.
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Biotransformation -
Transforming one
Compound into An Economically Important One using enzyme.
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Somatic Hybridization-
Producing Distant
Hybrids.
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Protoplast Culture-
Genetic
Transformation.
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Haploid Plant Production-
Recessive But
Agronomically Important Gene (Allele) Expresses.
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Triploid Plant Production-
increased
productivity as gene expresses three times.
Genetic Engineering, Transformation and Transgenic Plant Production:
they are
produced by inserting desired genes of any economic importance into the
plant. Its applications are-
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Improving
Qualitative and Quantitative traits in plants-
like fruit size,
shape colour etc.
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Biopesticide production-
Genes (CRY9C)Taken
From Bacillus thuringenesis for Pest Resistance Inserted Into
Cotton, Maize i.e. Bt. Cotton
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Virus
Resistant Plant production-
By inserting Viral
Gene (protein) into the plant and the plant gets resistant to the virus.
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Improving Nutritional properties of the plants-
e.g.
Golden Rice is a transgenic plant with high Vitamin A content.
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Molecular breeding-
Transgenic plants
express proteins, which are harvested for commercial benefits, e.g.
Edible vaccines from vegetables, coming to market very soon.
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Biomaterial Production-
Bioplastic
- PHB (Poly hydroxybutyrate) gene cloned from bacteria and
inserted into Maize and Cotton. The PHB is then used as plastic raw
material.
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